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- įĄį
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- čĻĒãŽãããŽããŗã
- åģå¸ĢãĢį¸čĢãã
ããĒããŽčĩ¤ãĄããã¯äģæŦæ ŧįãĒåšŧå ã§ãããããĻããã¯åŊŧãåŽļä¸ãããã¨ãããĢäŊæããæˇˇäšąãĢããŖãĻ厚æãĢæããã§ãã ããŽåš´éŊĸã§ã¯ãããĒããŽåäžã¯į°ĄåãĢäŊããĢæãããããã¨ãĢæ°äģãã§ãããããããĻããã¨åããããæŠããããįĄčĻããžãã
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19ãļæãŽåšŧå ãŽįēé
įåž19ãļæãŽčĩ¤ãĄãããĢã¨ãŖãĻããã¤ãĢãšããŧãŗã¯ãåäžããŠãã ãæéˇããããåŽįžŠããčĻåã§ã¯ãĒããä¸čŦįãĒãŦã¤ããŠã¤ãŗãĢčŋãããŽã§ãã ããĒããŽåäžã¯å¤ããŽæ´ģåããããã¨ãã§ããĻãåŊŧãŽå¨ããŽä¸įãĢã¤ããĻããŖã¨ããŖã¨įč§Ŗãããã¨ãã§ããžãã åŊŧã¯åŊŧãč¨ããã¨ãã§ãããããããŖã¨å¤ããŽåčĒãįč§Ŗãããã¨ãã§ããĒããã°ãĒããããããĻãžãæˇˇäšąãããžãããĒãã§åŊŧčĒčēĢãé¤ããããĢãšããŧãŗã¨ããŠãŧã¯ãäŊŋããã¨ãã§ãããšãã§ãã
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ããĒããŽåäžãŽæéˇéåēĻãĢåŋããĻãåŊŧã¯ã¯ãããĢããŖã¨ã§ãããããããžããã åŊŧã¯čĒåãŽæãæ´ãŖãĻäšžãããã¨ãã§ãããããããããããĻåŊŧããããŖãããããæãĢããĒããĢįĨããããã¨ãã§ããžãã åŊŧãįĨãŖãĻããč¨čãäŊŋãŖãĻãåŊŧã¯ãžãåŊŧãæŦãŽä¸ã§čĻããĸã¤ãã ãææãããã¨ãã§ãããããããžããã
į§ããĄã¯ããĒããŽåäžãåŊŧãŽæéˇãŽæ§ã ãĒå´éĸã§ãŠããããé˛æŠãããããããĒãããĢã¤ããĻčŠŗį´°ãĢčĻãĻãŋãžãããã
čēĢäŊįēé
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ããŽãããĒįļæŗãčæ Žããã¨ãããĒããŽåäžãåŊŧãŽãŠãŗããŗã°ãšããĢãčŠĻããããŽåŽå ¨ãĒãšããŧãšããããã¨ãįĸēčĒãããã¨ãéčĻã§ãã ããĒãã¯åŊŧããŠããĢã§ãæåŽŗãĢčĄįĒããĒããããĢãŗãŧããŧããŧããĢã¨äŊãåŽļå ˇãŽįĢ¯ãåããĒããã°ãĒããžããã æįãäģãŽįĢ¯ãããčĻããããšãã§ãã éæŽĩčŋããŽéããããĒããŽčĩ¤ãĄãããéåēĻãŽįąæãŽãããĢéæŽĩããčŊãĄãĒããã¨ãäŋč¨ŧãããã¨ãã§ããžãã
- įåž19ãļæãŽčĩ¤ãĄãããŽå ´åãäŊéãŽåĸå ã¯ååš´åēĻãŽãããģãŠæĨæŋã§ã¯ãããžããã
- ããŽåš´éŊĸã§ãåŊŧãŽæĄãæšãããĒãįēéããĻããã§ãããã åŊŧã¯åŽšå¨ãŽä¸čēĢãã¤ããã§æ¨ãĻããã¨ããã§ãããããĻãããã¯ãįŠãŋéãããŽãĢååãĒå¨į¨ããæãŖãĻããã§ãããã
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į¤žäŧįãããŗææ įįēé
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- åŊŧã¯ããĒããããĒããŽæãæããããžãã¯čģãæ´ããŽãčĻãã°ãåŊŧã¯ééããĒãåŊŧããããŽä¸é¨ãĢãĒããããĢããĒããĢé ŧãã§ãããã
- æ´ģåãĢ寞ããåŊŧãŽįąæã¯ãããŽäģäēãããčŊåãããã¯ãããĢ大ããã§ããã - ããã§ããããĒãã¯åŊŧã嚸ããĢãããããĢåŊŧãéĸä¸ããĻããã¨æããããæšæŗãčĻã¤ãããšãã§ãã
åŊŧãããĒããåŠãããã¨ããĻããã¨ããĢåŊŧãįããããããããĒããŽã§ãéį¨ãĢåŊŧãåˇģãčžŧãžãããããĢããĻãã ãããããã§ãĒããã°ãįĩæã¯ããĒããĢ芹ããããĻããĒãããĒããŽ19ãļæãããããžããã ããĒãã¯åŊŧãĢãŋã¤ã¤ãŽæé¤ãäģģããããčģãæ´ãŖãĻããéãĢããŧãšãæãŖãããããããĒãåį´ã§įĄåŽŗãĒčĄåãããããã¨ãã§ããžãã
- æŗ¨įŽãŽįãĢãĒãããã¨ããåŊŧãŽéĄæã¯æ°ãļæã§åŧąãžãŖãĻããžãããããã¯ãžã æã įžããžãã
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- ããĒããåĨãŽčĩ¤ãĄãããæåž ããĻããå ´åãããŽįļæŗã¯ããĒããŽåäžãĢã¨ãŖãĻããå°éŖãĢãĒããžã - ããããŖãĻãããĒãã¯åŊŧãŽå åŧãŽå°įãŽãããĢåŊŧãæēåãããããĢããĒããã§ãããã¨ãããã¤ããããžãã
- åŊŧãĢčĩ¤ãåãŽčĄŖæãæãããĻããããĻåŊŧãĢåŊŧãŽãĸã¤ãã ãŽã¤ãĄãŧã¸ãčĻããĻããããĻåŊŧãŽčĩ¤ãåããããĢããããåŋ čĻã¨ãããã¨ãåŊŧãĢč¨ããĒããã åŊŧãåäžãæãããã¨ãĢæ ŖãããããĢãããĒãã¯åŊŧãĢįšåĨãĒäēēåŊĸãããããã¨ããã§ããžãã
čĒįĨãããŗč¨čĒįēé
ããŽåš´éŊĸã§ã¯ãããĒããŽčĩ¤ãĄããããŠããžã§įēč˛ããã¨æ¨åŽãããããå¤æãããŽã¯å°éŖã§ãã
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- åŊŧã¯åčŠãįč§ŖããĻããã°ãį°ĄåãĒããŦãŧãēãäŊããã¨ãã§ãããããããžããã äģŖåčŠãäŊŋį¨ããã¨ãåŊŧã¯ããĒããįč§Ŗãããã¨ãã§ãããããĢåŊŧãŽčããäŧãããã¨ãã§ãããããĢãĒããžãã
- åŊŧãããããčåĨãããŽãåŠããæšåæčĻã¨č¨čã¯åŊŧããŽčĒåŊãĢãããã§ãããã
- åŊŧããããĢįēåąãããŽãåŠãããããĢãããĒãã¯åŊŧãŽæŦãŽä¸ã§æ§ã ãĒã¤ãĄãŧã¸ãææããĻããããĻį°ĄåãĒããŦãŧãēã¨åčĒãäŊŋãŖãĻåŊŧãĢããããčĒŦæãããã¨ãã§ããžãã ãžããåŊŧãĢč˛ãŽč¨čãįč§ŖããããããĢããĻãã ããã
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